Lisbon is the perfect destination for explorers—after all, it’s been a launchpad and a haven for world travelers for centuries, giving it a unique historical significance.

Plus, you can’t beat the beautiful views of the medieval landscape. While much of the city was destroyed in an earthquake in 1755, the buildings that survived have been remarkably preserved and will leave you in awe.

Here are five landmarks you shouldn’t miss when you visit Lisbon:

1 – Belem Tower

First built in 1519 as a defense system under King John II, Belem Tower has alternately served as a fortress, a prison, a customs control center, troops’ quarters, and an exhibition hall.

It played an important role in the era of Portuguese navigation, which has earned it the designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site (it’s also a hop, skip and jump away from the incredible Monument to the Discoveries).

Today, tourists can wander through the tower and up the top for gorgeous views of the ocean, and a tour of the beautiful building that explorers got to glimpse as they landed in Portugal.

2 – Jerónimos Monastery

Another UNESCO World Heritage Site is just down the street from Belem: The Jeronimos Monastery.

Originally opened in 1495, this beautiful, ornate monastery was once a refuge for mariners. Sailors would stay there before a long journey to pray for safe passage, while monks provided them with spiritual guidance.

Monks left the monastery in the 19th century, and now the landmark is a tourist destination that also contains the Maritime Museum. Enjoy walking through the cloisters and the elaborately carved arches.

 

3 – Tram 28

Of the six tram lines still in operation in Lisbon, Tram 28 is the most famous. Beginning in 1873, trams became a common way to traverse the city. Now, the metro has replaced many of them, but trams still remain in areas where the typography of the city won’t allow for a metro line.

The cars you’ll see when you ride the tram are almost 100 years old — more modern cars wouldn’t be able to navigate the sharp turns and thin roads. Tram 28 in particular provides you with a fun tour of some of the biggest sites in Lisbon, and a gorgeous look at the different districts of the city.

4 – Castelo de São Jorge

If you love castles, you’re in luck — Lisbon has a fascinating Moorish hilltop castle that dominates the skyline. Much of it dates from the 14th century or earlier, and it’s rife with Portuguese history, having been the seat of power in the country for over 400 years.

Inside, you’ll find a royal palace — or what’s left of it since the 1755 earthquake — gardens, and a sweeping 360-degree view of the entire city.

5 – Alfama

Alfama is Lisbon’s oldest district; the city actually started here before spreading to its current limits. And while much of Lisbon was destroyed during the 1755 earthquake — one of the deadliest in history — Alfama remained mostly unscathed, making it a relic of medieval life. It later gained a reputation as the poor area of town, mostly housing sailors.  

Today, Alfama is known for its labyrinthine streets and old, medieval buildings on slim cobblestoned paths. It’s also the site of many fado (a distinctively Portuguese music genre) bars and restaurants, and it’s a great place to get lost exploring.

 

Inspired to explore? Take your students on a voyage of their own on our brand new tour to Portugal & Spain!